.article-page { background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); }

  /* One canonical gutter: content begins 192px from the left at 1440px. */
  .article-shell { max-width: 1120px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 32px; }

  /* ---- header ---- */
  /* Vertical padding only — horizontal gutter comes from .article-shell. */
  .article-head { padding-top: 52px; }
  .article-breadcrumb {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-3);
    margin-bottom: 26px;
  }
  .article-breadcrumb a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
  .article-breadcrumb a:hover { color: var(--color-cobalt-400); }
  .article-breadcrumb .article-breadcrumb-current { color: var(--ink-2); }

  .article-eyebrow {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--color-cobalt-400);
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }
  .article-title {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 4.4vw, 3.5rem);
    line-height: 1.05;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--ink);
    text-wrap: balance;
    max-width: 940px;
  }
  .article-lede {
    max-width: 720px;
    margin: 22px 0 0;
    font-size: 20px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--ink-2);
    text-wrap: pretty;
  }

  .article-meta {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 14px;
    margin-top: 30px;
    padding-top: 26px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--paper-line);
  }
  .article-author-avatar {
    display: block;
    width: 48px; height: 48px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-pill);
    overflow: hidden; object-fit: cover; flex: none;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--paper-line);
  }
  .article-meta-text { min-width: 0; }
  .article-author { display: block; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink); }
  .article-author a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
  .article-author a:hover { color: var(--color-cobalt-400); }
  .article-date,
  .article-updated {
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-3);
  }
  .article-updated { margin-top: 2px; }

  /* ---- hero image / video ---- */
  .article-hero { padding-top: 44px; }
  .article-hero-img,
  .article-hero-video {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid var(--paper-line);
  }
  .article-hero-img { aspect-ratio: 16 / 8; object-fit: cover; }
  .article-video-caption {
    margin: 14px 0 0;
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-3);
  }

  /* ---- body: prose column + sticky rail ---- */
  .article-body { padding-top: 56px; padding-bottom: 80px; }
  .article-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 244px;
    gap: 72px;
    align-items: start;
  }
  .article-prose-col { min-width: 0; }
  .article-body .prose { max-width: 720px; color: var(--ink-2); }
  .article-disclaimer {
    max-width: 720px; margin: 0 0 32px; padding: 16px 20px;
    border-left: 3px solid var(--color-cobalt-400);
    background: var(--color-cobalt-50);
    border-radius: 8px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.55; color: var(--ink-2);
  }
  .article-disclaimer strong { color: var(--ink); }
  .article-body .prose > p {
    font-size: 17.5px;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: var(--ink-2);
    margin: 0 0 24px;
    text-wrap: pretty;
  }
  .article-body .prose > p:first-child:not(:only-child) {
    font-size: 19px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: var(--ink);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
  }
  /* opt-out: a lead paragraph that keeps its size but drops the heavier weight */
  .article-body .prose > p:first-child.lead-unbold {
    font-weight: 400;
  }
  .article-body .prose h2 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 26px;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    margin: 44px 0 14px;
    color: var(--ink);
    scroll-margin-top: 96px;
  }
  .article-body .prose h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 20px;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    margin: 32px 0 12px;
    color: var(--ink);
  }
  .article-body .prose ul,
  .article-body .prose ol {
    font-size: 17.5px;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: var(--ink-2);
    margin: 0 0 24px;
    padding-left: 22px;
  }
  .article-body .prose li { margin-bottom: 8px; }
  .article-body .prose a {
    color: var(--color-cobalt-400);
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-underline-offset: 2px;
  }
  .article-body .prose a:hover { color: var(--color-cobalt-500); }
  .article-body .prose img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    border: 1px solid var(--paper-line);
    margin: 28px 0;
  }
  .article-body .prose blockquote {
    margin: 32px 0;
    padding: 24px 28px;
    background: var(--paper-2);
    border: 1px solid var(--paper-line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 21px;
    line-height: 1.45;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    color: var(--ink);
  }
  .article-body .prose blockquote p { margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: inherit; color: inherit; }
  .article-body .prose blockquote p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

  /* sticky rail */
  .article-rail { position: sticky; top: 96px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 26px; }
  .article-rail-group { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }
  .article-rail-label {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-3);
    margin: 0;
  }
  .article-share { display: flex; gap: 8px; }
  .article-share a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 38px; height: 38px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    border: 1px solid var(--paper-line);
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--ink-2);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-control);
    transition: color .15s ease, border-color .15s ease, transform .15s ease;
  }
  .article-share a:hover { color: var(--color-cobalt-400); border-color: var(--color-cobalt-200); transform: translateY(-2px); }
  .article-rail-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
  .article-rail-tag {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ink-2);
    background: var(--paper-2);
    border: 1px solid var(--paper-line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-pill);
    padding: 5px 12px;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color .15s ease, border-color .15s ease;
  }
  .article-rail-tag:hover { color: var(--color-cobalt-400); border-color: var(--color-cobalt-200); }
  .article-rail-back {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-cobalt-400);
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  .article-rail-back:hover { color: var(--color-cobalt-500); }

  /* ---- gallery ---- */
  .article-gallery {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 16px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }
  .article-gallery-img {
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    border: 1px solid var(--paper-line);
    cursor: zoom-in;
    object-fit: cover;
  }

  /* ---- related ---- */
  .article-related {
    background: var(--paper-2);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--paper-line);
    padding: 72px 0 88px;
  }
  .article-related h2 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: 26px;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    margin: 0 0 28px;
    color: var(--ink);
  }
  .article-related-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 18px;
  }
  .article-related-card {
    display: block;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--paper-line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    text-decoration: none;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-control);
    transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
  }
  .article-related-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-card-hover);
  }
  .article-related-card-image { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; overflow: hidden; }
  .article-related-card-image img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
  .article-related-card-body { padding: 20px; }
  .article-related-card-date {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--color-cobalt-400);
    margin: 0 0 10px;
  }
  .article-related-card-title {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--ink);
  }
  .article-related-card-excerpt {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--ink-2);
    margin: 8px 0 0;
  }
  /* The product/proof bridge sits on white so it never stacks the same color
     against the paper-2 "Keep reading" band below it. */
  .article-related--nav { background: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 0; }
  .article-related-grid--2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }

  @media (max-width: 960px) {
    .article-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; }
    .article-rail { display: none; }
    .article-related-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  }
  @media (max-width: 640px) {
    .article-related-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .article-gallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  }
  @media (max-width: 767px) {
    .article-shell { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
    .article-head { padding-top: 36px; }
    .article-lede { font-size: 18px; }
    .article-body { padding-top: 44px; }
  }

  /* ---- comparison tables in article prose (scroll, never overflow the page) ---- */
  .prose table { display: block; overflow-x: auto; max-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 28px 0; font-size: 15px; }
  .prose td { text-align: left; padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--paper-line); vertical-align: top; }
  /* Header styling keys off <th> (not <thead>) so it holds whether or not the
     table markup wraps its header row in <thead>. */
  .prose th { text-align: left; padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink); vertical-align: bottom; font-weight: 700; }

  /* ---- "best for X" pick list (drives ItemList schema) ---- */
  .article-picks { margin: 32px 0 8px; }
  .article-picks h2 { margin: 0 0 10px; }
  .article-picks ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
  .article-picks li { padding: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--paper-line); }
  .article-picks .pick-label { font-weight: 700; }